A: Generally, no plasmid is provided. If a plasmid is needed, it is generally about 10 ug.

A: The screened molecular sequences are generally sequenced and analyzed. The sequences screened from natural libraries are quite different. Generally, in case of the difference of 3 or more amino acids between CDR3 sequences, it will be defined as unique.

A: Molecules with binding capacity and cross-activity. If the initial antigen provided is from human, mouse, or monkey, the cross-activity of the molecule will also be validated after the binder is obtained. If the initial antigen provided is of a single species, only the binding capacity will be validated

A: Because of the difference in affinity between binder/phage and antibody, we only need to obtain enough binders at the primary screening phase before the full-length antibody construction, and there is no clear requirement for affinity. Based on our general experience, the affinity of full-length antibodies shows a normal distribution, up to about pM level.

A: No, because the molecules meeting the quantity requirements and having unique sequences are finally delivered.

A: The natural library lacks the process of in vivo screening because it has not been immunized, so the affinity of antibodies screened from it is lower than that screened by the immune library, with larger quantity. Based on our experience, after the full-length antibody is constructed, the affinity of the binder screened from the natural library shows a normal distribution, up to pM level.

A: 1) The number of binders that meet customer needs; 2) 30-50 ug Fab samples; 3) Screening report of phage display antibody library.There are differences in quantity. Generally, there are more than 20 proteins and more than 5 cells. 

A: The sequences screened from the natural library are very different. Generally, in case of the difference of 3 or more amino acids between CDR3 sequences, it will be defined as unique. The delivery standard includes the number of binders, generally excluding affinity. 

A: Blocking activity should not be guaranteed at the antibody screening phase, but at the binder or phage level. Simple screening can be carried out by validating the binding activity, and the affinity cannot be determined until the full-length antibody is constructed.

A: Antigen screening is usually performed by ELISA, which is generally used in the extracellular domain of secreted proteins or transmembrane proteins. While cell screening is performed by FACS, with the empty cells that do not express antigen proteins also used for negative screening. It is generally used for multiple transmembrane proteins or proteins with different natural conformation and artificially expressed conformation.

A: Basically 5-20 times in every round, but if the standard is reached in the first round, the second round will not be performed, with the specific multiple of modification on a case by case basis.

A: Yes.